If you own a pet sulcata tortoise, at some point, you will want to know if it’s a boy or a girl. But in most cases, this is easier said than done, unless you have a well-structured guide with pictures that will tell you what is the best way to find out the gender of your tortoise, like this guide right here.
The best way to determine the gender of a sulcata tortoise is by looking at the length of its claws, the shape of the shell, the length of the tail, the position of the cloaca, and the shape of the snout. All of those characteristics are different in male and female sulcata tortoises.
Those differences are usually quite subtle, but if you look closely at your tortoise, and compare it with the pictures in the article you will definitely notice them. So let’s start with one of the easiest-to-spot differences, the length of the claws.
The Length of the Claws
The first thing that you should look at in order to figure out if your tortoise is male or female is the claws. And this is because sulcata males have visibly longer laws than females.
Here are two pictures, the first one showing the claws of a male tortoise, and the second the claws of a female tortoise.
There are two main reasons why male tortoises have longer claws than females.
The first one is to help the male tortoise have a better grip on the female’s shell when they are mating. And the second one is to help attract females in the first place, as during the mating ritual a lot of tortoises use their claws to make some specific sounds to attract females.
The Shape of the Shell
The next thing that you should check is the shape of the shell, more exactly the shape of the plastron, as males have a concave (curved in) plastron, while the females have a flat plastron.
The reason for this difference is also related to mating behavior, as the male needs to get on top of the female, and they need to maintain some balance.
In this picture, you can see that the rightmost plastron and the second one from the left have a concave shape, while the rest are flat. While it can be a little hard to tell from a picture, in reality, you can immediately tell the difference.
The Length of the Tail
Sulcata females have shorter and thicker tails, while males have longer and skinnier tails.
This is usually a very good way to tell if a sulcata tortoise is male or female, but there is one thing that can easily mislead you, and that thing is a nipped tail, which is very common among pet tortoises, more than in wild tortoises.
Small pet tortoises are usually kept together in very tight spaces, and some of them will occasionally mistake the tail of another tortoise for something that they can eat, so they will bite it. And as a result that tortoise will grow up having a smaller tail than it would have otherwise.
This can also happen in the wild, but it happens rarely since tortoises don’t spend that much time near other tortoises, and they have a lot more space.
So make sure to take a closer look at that tail and see if it looks whole, otherwise, you could mix up the gender of your tortoise.
The Position of the Cloaca
The cloaca is the posterior orifice that serves as the only opening for the digestive, reproductive and urinary tract, and it can be really helpful in figuring out if a sulcata tortoise is male or female, even if all cloacas look the same.
Females have their cloaca positioned near the base of their tail, while males have it closer to the end of the tail.
Turtles use their cloaca, for even more things than tortoises do, like breathing underwater. If you want to know more about the cloaca and what turtles and tortoises use it for you should check out this article: Do Turtles Have Gills?
The Shape of the Snout
Sulcata males have slightly longer and pointier snouts than females.
The difference is very subtle but if you look closely you can notice it. So, here are two up-close pictures of a male tortoise snout, and a female tortoise snout.
As you can see the difference is very subtle, but it’s definitely there.
As much as I’ve researched I haven’t been able to find a reason or use for this slight difference in shape, so at the moment there is probably no information about this, or maybe it doesn’t have any benefit at all. The only interesting thing I found about this is that during the courtship phase some male tortoises will shoot a jet of water through their noses at the faces of the females, to attract them. This is not necessarily correlated to the difference in shape but it’s definitely funny.
The Size of the Tortoise
In general male sulcata tortoises are bigger than females.
On average a male sulcata tortoise will reach a size of around 30 inches (78 centimeters), while a female will have a size closer to 24 inches (60 centimeters).
This is probably the best method that you can use if you are comparing two tortoises that have been born at around the same time, have been raised in similar conditions, and eating similar amounts of food (food plays a crucial role in how fast a tortoise grows), but in other conditions, it’s not the most reliable method.
The Best Way to Tell if a Tortoise Is Male or Female
Those are the main ways in which you can tell apart a male tortoise from a female tortoise, but which one is the best?
When it comes to sulcata tortoises, there is no best way to tell them apart. The best thing that you can do is to look at all of the differences that we discussed and try to make your best guess. In most cases, if you pay close attention to those differences you will get the gender of the tortoise right. Even biologists use the same differences that we discussed when they try to determine the gender of a tortoise, as there is no other way.
Now that we covered the differences, there are two small things that we need to discuss, and those are when is the best time to tell the gender of your tortoise, and what are the big differences between a male and a female tortoise.
The Best Time to Tell the Gender of a Tortoise
As you might have noticed most differences between male and female sulcata tortoises have something to do with reproduction, so the best time to try and determine the gender of a tortoise is when it reaches maturity. If you try to do that before, there is a good chance that you will fail.
As for when tortoises reach maturity, this is actually determined by size more than by age, even if those two are correlated, size can be influenced by a lot of things, not just age.
A male will reach maturity when it reaches a size close to 30 inches (78 centimeters), and a female when it reaches a size close to 24 inches (60 centimeters).
If you want to find out the gender of a baby or juvenile tortoise, the principles are the same, but the chances of being exact are extremely slow, as the differences haven’t fully developed.
There aren’t that many impactful differences between male and female sulcata tortoises, except for one.
The Main Difference Between a Male and a Female Tortoise
The main difference between a male and a female sulcata tortoise is that the female will lay eggs every year, while the males won’t.
Female tortoises will lay eggs every year, even if there is no male around. While the eggs won’t be fertilized and no baby tortoises will come out of them, the process is the same.
Taking care of a female tortoise that is about to lay eggs is not very hard, you barely have to do anything, so don’t worry about this part. But if you are curious about what you have to do when your tortoise is pregnant you can read this article: How to Tell if Your Tortoise Is Pregnant (with Pictures)
Another small difference is that females will probably eat a little more since they are bigger, but the difference is not noticeable, so I wouldn’t count this as a disadvantage.
Final Thoughts
So this is how you can tell if a sulcata tortoise is male or female, all you have to do is to look at a couple of things, like the size of the claws, the position of the cloaca, etc.
Since most of the differences between male and female tortoises are relatively small, the most useful thing that you could have is another tortoise of a different gender, this way you can have what to compare your tortoise, but this is something that most people don’t have access to. So the next best thing that you can have are pictures, like the ones in this article.
The pictures in this article are good for most tortoise species, but if you are interested in species-specific pictures, you should use the search function of the website and search for the species that you are interested in, as we have multiple articles dedicated to specific species, which are accompanied by pictures.
And if you need help identifying the gender of your tortoise don’t hesitate to leave a comment, or send a mail with some pictures of your tortoise attached.
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Very helpful thank you
My two and a half year old female (I believe) Sulcata tortoise often has her cloaca hanging out. Is this normal ? She especially has it out when she is soaking in warm water. It’s often 1-2 inches out. Do Salcutas defecate with their cloaca out this way? But every once in a while it’s 3-4 inches out. It’s concerning. Does she have a problem? She is able to pull it in by herself, and has it inside while she roams around the yard. Please let me know what you think – thank you.
It’s not unusual to see a Sulcata tortoise’s cloaca protrude slightly during certain activities, including defecation or soaking in warm water. The cloaca is a multi-purpose opening through which reptiles, including tortoises, excrete waste and lay eggs. However, it’s important to consider the following:
Normal Activity: A slight protrusion of the cloaca during defecation or while in water can be normal. Tortoises may do this to facilitate waste elimination or as part of their natural behavior.
Excessive Prolapse: If you notice the cloaca is excessively protruding (3-4 inches as you mentioned), it can be a sign of cloacal prolapse, which is a condition where the cloaca becomes inverted or protrudes beyond normal levels. This is a medical issue and should be addressed by a reptile veterinarian as it can lead to infection, tissue damage, or other complications.
To ensure your tortoise’s health, I would recommend monitoring her closely. If you notice that her cloaca continues to protrude excessively or if there are other concerning symptoms such as swelling, discoloration, or difficulty retracting it, it’s best to consult with a reptile veterinarian. They can provide a thorough examination and appropriate guidance based on her condition. Regular veterinary check-ups are also important for the overall health of Sulcata tortoises.
I can not get my baby Sulcate Tortonis to eat her hay! I have tried hiding her favorite things under the hay but she just pushes the hay away and eats her favorites. Will this hurt her growth>
Feeding hay to a baby Sulcata tortoise is not essential at this stage, but it can be beneficial as they grow. Hay, particularly high-fiber grass hays like Bermuda grass or Timothy hay, is typically offered to tortoises to help balance their diet and provide additional fiber for their digestive health.
It’s important to understand that baby Sulcata tortoises are primarily herbivores and should have a diet primarily based on leafy greens and vegetables. As they grow, their dietary requirements shift towards a higher proportion of grasses and fibrous materials, like hay.
At this young age, the tortoise may not show interest in hay, and that’s okay. You can focus on providing a varied diet of appropriate leafy greens, vegetables, and occasional fruits. As your Sulcata tortoise matures, you can introduce hay into their diet.
Here are some steps to consider:
Patience: Young tortoises may not show interest in hay immediately, so be patient.
Diet Diversity: Offer a wide variety of leafy greens and vegetables. Safe options include collard greens, mustard greens, turnip greens, dandelion greens, and some types of squash. Variety is key to a balanced diet.
Occasional Hay: You can still offer hay in small amounts even if the tortoise doesn’t consume it immediately. It may take time for them to develop a preference.
Sprinkle Greens with Hay: You can sprinkle a bit of finely chopped hay over their leafy greens to introduce the scent and texture.
Diet Transition: As your tortoise grows and its dietary needs change, it may naturally start showing more interest in hay. Continue offering it periodically.
It’s important to ensure that your tortoise’s diet is well-balanced and meets its nutritional needs, especially in terms of calcium and fiber. Regularly consult with a reptile veterinarian who can provide guidance and monitor your tortoise’s health. If your tortoise is healthy, growing well, and eating a balanced diet, their lack of interest in hay at this stage should not be a significant concern.