Florida Turtle Laws Explained

Sometimes the law is formulated in a way that makes it a little hard to understand, and this also happens with laws about owning turtles and selling turtles as well. In this article, I am going to tell you in plain English what are the laws about turtles in Florida.

Before diving into the exact laws let me answer a couple of the most asked questions.

Is it illegal to own turtles in Florida? No, you can legally own a turtle in Florida, it all depends on the species. There are certain endangered species that are protected by the law that are illegal to own, but most of the common ones are not endangered and you can own them as pets.

Is it illegal to sell turtles in Florida? You can legally sell turtles in Florida only if you have a license or a permit. If you don’t own one it is illegal and punishable by the law.

Laws regarding turtles are very different from state to state, while every state agrees on some aspects, like the fact that owning endangered turtles is illegal, a lot of states have a lot of laws regarding native turtles, but very few about non-native turtles, and as a result, things can get a little complicated if you don’t understand them properly. So let’s take a closer look at the laws of Florida and see what they have to say.

Note: The term “turtle” includes all animals commonly known as turtles, tortoises, and terrapins.

Turtle Ownership Laws in Florida

It’s illegal to transport or own the following turtle species, or their eggs:

• Alligator Snapping turtle
• Barbour’s Map turtle
• Suwannee Cooter
• Gopher tortoise

It’s illegal to possess more than two of the specimens of the following species:

• Escambia Map turtles
• Diamondback terrapins
• Box turtles
• Loggerhead Musk turtles

It’s illegal to own any turtle that has paint applied to its shell or any body part. ( This is a way scientists sometimes mark turtles in order to recognize them, so owning one means that the turtle has been removed from the study without the knowledge of the scientists )

It’s illegal to transport more than one turtle at a time, without a permit provided by the state.

It’s illegal to own a Red Eared Slider unless you have proof that it was acquired before 7.1.2017.

It’s illegal to release pet turtles into the wild.

It’s illegal to own any of the seven sea turtle species: Loggerhead turtles, Green sea turtles, Leatherback turtles, Hawksbill turtles, Kemp’s ridley turtles, Olive ridley turtles, and Flatback turtles.

It’s illegal to own an endangered turtle species, without a license or permit from the state.

Turtle Commercialization Laws in Florida

In order to sell or exhibit turtles, you need a licensed Class III.

A special permit from the state is required in order to import non-native turtles from other states.

It’s illegal to commercialize turtle eggs taken from the wild.

It’s illegal to transport more than one turtle a day without a license for sale or exhibit wildlife, and documentation that proves that the turtles were obtained legally.

It’s illegal to sell or commercialize in any way any of the seven sea turtle species: Loggerhead turtles, Green sea turtles, Leatherback turtles, Hawksbill turtles, Kemp’s ridley turtles, Olive ridley turtles, and Flatback turtles.

It’s illegal to sell or commercialize in any way endangered or vulnerable turtle species.

The 4 Inches Law

In 1975, the US government passed regulations with a stated goal to protect sea turtle eggs, reduce environmental damage, and reduce health risks. In short, this law makes it illegal to sell turtles that are smaller than 4 inches. Here is the law.

Code of federal regulations, title 21, volume 8, part 1240 ‘Control of communicable diseases’, subpart D ‘Specific Administrative Decisions Regarding Interstate Shipments’, section 1240.62 ‘Turtles intrastate and interstate requirements.’

(a) Definition. As used in this section the term “turtles” includes all animals commonly known as turtles, tortoises, terrapins, and all other animals of the order Testudinata, class Reptilia, except marine species (families Dermochelyidae and Cheloniidae).

(b) Sales; general prohibition. Except as otherwise provided in this section, viable turtle eggs and live turtles with a carapace length of less than 4 inches shall not be sold, held for sale, or offered for any other type of commercial or public distribution. [emphasis mine]

(c) [I’ve omitted this part. It deals with eggs, consequences, how to report, how to appeal, penalties, etc.]

(d) Exceptions. The provisions of this section are not applicable to:

(1) The sale, holding for sale, and distribution of live turtles and viable turtle eggs for bona fide

scientific, educational, or exhibitional purposes, other than use as pets. [emphasis mine]

(2) The sale, holding for sale, and distribution of live turtles and viable turtle eggs not in connection with a business.

If you want to read the entire act here is a link to it: FDA Title 21, Volume 8

Laws About Wild Turtles in Florida

It’s illegal to take more than one turtle per day from the wild.

It’s illegal to take for the wild the following turtles:

• Escambia map turtles
• Cooter turtle
• Snapping turtles
• Barbour’s map turtles

It’s illegal to take Softshell turtles from the wild between May 1 and July 31.

It’s illegal to take turtle eggs from the wild.

Turtles can be taken from the wild only using: hands, baited hooks, or nets.

Florida Native Species

Alabama Map Turtle Graptemys pulchra

Alligator Snapping Turtle Macroclemys temminckii

Barbour’s Map Turtle Graptemys barbouri

Carolina Diamondback Terrapin Malaclemys terrapin centrata

Common Musk Turtle Sternotherus odoratus

Common Snapping Turtle Chelydra serpentina serpentina

Eastern Box Turtle Terrapene carolina carolina

Eastern Chicken Turtle Deirochelys reticularia reticularia

Eastern Mud Turtle Kinosternon subrubrum subrubrum

Eastern River Cooter Pseudemys concinna concinna

Ernst’s Map Turtle Graptemys ernsti

Florida Box Turtle Terrapene carolina bauri

Florida Chicken Turtle Deirochelys reticularia chrysea

Florida Cooter Pseudemys floridana

Florida East Coast Terrapin Malaclemys terrapin tequesta

Florida Mud Turtle Kinosternon subrubrum steindachneri

Florida Redbelly Turtle Pseudemys nelsoni

Florida Softshell Apalone ferox

Florida Snapping Turtle Chelydra serpentina osceola

Gopher Tortoise Gopherus polyphemus

Gulf Coast Box Turtle Terrapene carolina major

Gulf Coast Smooth Softshell Apalone mutica calvata

Gulf Coast Spiny Softshell Apalone spinifera aspera

Loggerhead Musk Turtle Sternotherus minor minor

Mangrove Diamondback Terrapin Malaclemys terrapin rhizophorarum

Ornate Diamondback Terrapin Malaclemys terrapin macrospilota

Peninsula Cooter Pseudemys floridana peninsularis

Red-eared slider Trachemys scripta elegans

Spotted Turtle Clemmys guttata

Striped Mud Turtle Kinosternon baurii

Stripe Neck Musk Turtle Sternotherus minor peltifer

Suwannee River Cooter Pseudemys concinna suwanniensis

Three-toed Box Turtle Terrapene Carolina triunguis

Yellowbelly Slider Trachemys scripta scripta

Florida Laws About Sea Turtles

There are 7 different sea turtle species, and all of them are either endangered or vulnerable. So in all states, they are protected by law. This means that you can’t own or commercialize sea turtles, no matter which species it is.

It is also illegal to destroy or disturb sea turtles’ nests. Also, the sea turtle’s eggs cannot be sold or disturbed in any way.

Sea turtles also have specific nesting sites, and all of them are usually on beaches. So making any kind of major change to the nesting area is also prohibited.

If you want to be able to study sea turtles you are going to need a Service and/or a State permit. Any activity that exceeds the limits of State authority for an endangered species will require a Federal permit in addition to the State permit.

A permit from the State or the Service is needed to capture or remove sea turtles from the wild. That permit may allow retention of specimens in captivity and, if so, sea turtles may be transferred by the permittee to a facility for holding in accordance with their authorization.

States may issue permits for capture and retention of sea turtles under the auspices of their ESA section 6 agreements with the Service. However, a Service permit will be needed for endangered species in the following circumstances:

• The death or permanent disabling of a sea turtle
• The removal of a sea turtle from that State
• The holding of a sea turtle in captivity for a period of more than 45 consecutive days

NOTE: Under the Emergency provisions of their section 6 cooperative agreements with the Service, States can authorize holding endangered sea turtles for more than 45 consecutive days if such holding is necessary to aid sick or injured turtles.

If the original permit for taking a sea turtle from the wild allows for it, the specimen may be transferred between the original holding facility to others, even out of state, without additional authorization from the Service. Note that both parties of a transfer should generate and maintain documentation to demonstrate that a sea turtle has been taken and possessed lawfully. Copies of applicable permits should be enclosed with shipments of sea turtles.

This information should cover the basics of what you need to know about the laws regarding sea turtles. If you want to obtain a permit to work with sea turtles you should check out the Fish and Wildlife government site where you will find every detail that you have to know: https://www.fws.gov.

Why Those Laws Exist

A lot of turtle species are endangered or vulnerable at the moment so a lot of those laws are in place to ensure their safety. Without laws that protect turtles, people would still be hunting them to extinction or taking them from their natural habitat without thinking about the consequences.

Another reason why those exist is to protect the environment. A lot of people believed that if they don’t want to have a turtle as a pet they can just release them in the nearest forest or lake without any consequences, but that’s not the case. Every ecosystem has its own balance and adding or extracting a species from it can greatly destabilize that balance. This is another reason why those laws exist.

So in general those laws exist to protect the turtles and the environment. It is completely possible that the laws might change at some point. After all most laws aim to protect and help endangered turtle species to grow in number. After a species will reach again a good healthy number there is a good chance that the laws will be less restrictive.

Conclusion

Those are the Florida laws regarding turtles. Laws can sometimes be very unclear and hard to understand, so I did my best to simplify them, without losing their meaning. One final thing that I want to mention is that state laws don’t always completely cover all turtle species, they are usually focused on native species, so if you still don’t know if you can own or sell a certain turtle species you should check out the resources section, there you will find a link to the state department that deals with wildlife, this is the place where I did the research for this article, their website also contains a contact page where you can get into contact with them if you have any specific question.

*This article has been updated in April 2023

Resources

Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission

*Note that I am not a lawyer and this is not legal advice. The materials available on this website are for informational purposes only and not for the purpose of providing legal advice.

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