Russian tortoises are known for eating everything that you put in front of them. This is generally a good thing, since they won’t refuse the food you give them. But this can also be dangerous because they might eat some fruits or vegetables that are not so good for them. But is cabbage one of them?
Russian tortoises can eat cabbage, but shouldn’t be the staple of your tortoises diet. Cabbage contains phosphorus, which inhibits the absorption of calcium, which is essential for the good health of the shell.
Compared to other plants and vegetables, cabbage has a very good ratio of calcium to phosphorus, but feeding your tortoise only cabbage is not recommended. Calcium is good for turtles, phosphorus is harmful, so whenever you want to know if a plant or a vegetable is good for your turtle you should look at its calcium to phosphorus ratio.
Vegetables You Should Avoid Feeding Your Tortoise
Almost all vegetables contain calcium and phosphorus. And as a result, most of them have a calcium to phosphorus ratio. So let’s take a look at what calcium does for tortoises, what phosphorus does for them, and what is good calcium to phosphorus ratio is.
Calcium is essential for every animal in this world that has bones. And since the shell of a tortoise is made out of bones, the calcium is even more important for tortoises than for any other animal. Vegetables are one of the main sources of calcium that a tortoise has, so making sure that you feed them vegetables with high amounts of calcium is important.
For humans, phosphorus is a very important mineral that helps filter waste, repair tissue and cells, etc. But for tortoises, phosphorus is not that great. Phosphorus is what gives tortoise shells a little flexibility, which is great because this little extra flexibility makes them more resistant to bites and other types of impact. But too much phosphorus can also make the shell a lot softer, and as a result much weaker when it comes to defending the tortoise from predators.
In short, we can say that calcium is great for tortoises and phosphorus is not so great for tortoises in high quantities.
Most vegetables have a calcium to phosphorus ratio, this ratio can be 1:1, 2:1, 5:1, 1:2, etc.
A 1:1 ratio means that the amount of calcium is equal, or almost equal, to the amount of phosphorus. So a vegetable with this ratio is not that great for tortoises, but it’s not harmful either. But if possible, such a vegetable should be avoided.
A 1:2 calcium to phosphorus ratio is bad, there are not many vegetables with this ratio, so don’t worry too much about them. Just remember that if a vegetable has more potassium than calcium, you should keep it away from your tortoise.
A 2:1 ratio is great, and this is what you should be aiming for, if the ratio goes higher it’s ok, but ideally this is the ratio that you are looking for.
Table With the Most Common Vegetables and Their Calcium to Phosphorus Ratio
Here is a list of some of the most common vegetables and their Calcium to Phosphorus ratios:
| Collards | 14.5:1 |
| Spinach, Mustard | 7.5:1 |
| Turnip Greens | 4.5:1 |
| Lambs quarters | 4.3:1 |
| Dill Weed | 3.2:1 |
| Beet Greens | 3.0:1 |
| Dandelion Greens | 2.8:1 |
| Chinese Cabbage (pak-choi) | 2.8:1 |
| Lettuce, Loose leaf | 2.7:1 |
| Mustard Greens | 2.4:1 |
| Parsley | 2.4:1 |
| Kale | 2.4:1 |
| Chicory Greens | 2.1:1 |
| Spinach | 2.0:1 |
| Watercress | 2.0:1 |
| Cabbage | 2.0:1 |
| Endive (Escarole) | 1.9:1 |
| Celery | 1.6:1 |
| Purslane | 1.5:1 |
| Cilantro | 1.4:1 |
| Lettuce, Butter head (Boston, Bibb) | 1.4:1 |
| Okra | 1.3:1 |
| Swiss Chard | 1.1:1 |
| Turnip | 1.1:1 |
| Squash (Winter, all varieties) | 1.0:1 |
| Green Beans | 1.0:1 |
| Lettuce, Romaine | 0.8:1 |
| Sweet Potato | 0.8:1 |
| Rutabaga | 0.8:1 |
| Broccoli | 0.7:1 |
| Cucumber (with skin) | 0.7:1 |
| Endive, Belgian (Witloof Chicory) | 0.7:1 |
| Carrot | 0.6:1 |
| Squash (Summer, all varieties) | 0.6:1 |
| Arugula | 0.6:1 |
| Cauliflower | 0.5:1 |
| Kohlrabi | 0.5:1 |
| Pumpkin | 0.5:1 |
| Alfalfa Sprouts | 0.5:1 |
| Parsnips | 0.5:1 |
| Peppers, Green | 0.5:1 |
| Peppers, Red | 0.5:1 |
| Sweet Potato Leaves | 0.4:1 |
| Beets | 0.4:1 |
| Asparagus | 0.4:1 |
| Tomato | 0.2:1 |
| Corn, White | 0.02:1 |
With the help of this table, you should be able to get a general idea of what vegetables you should feed your tortoise. I personally like to feed my tortoise Greenleaf and Redleaf salad, they are not too expensive, and he seems to like it. And when I’m cooking something with vegetables, I usually cut a couple of smaller pieces and feed them to my tortoise, just to mix things up a little.
Fruits are somewhat similar to vegetables, so they also contain phosphorus and should be eaten by tortoises in moderation. If you want to know which fruits are good for tortoises, and which are bad, you can check out this article where I discuss this subject in depth: Can Tortoises Eat Fruits? (How Much, How Often + List)
Final Thoughts
So cabbage is not the best option for your russian tortoise. But cabbage is just one of the hundreds of vegetables that you can feed your tortoise, there are many healthier options out there.
I hope this article answered all of your questions, but in case you still have questions left, you can always leave them in the comment section and I will answer them as soon as possible.
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